Title: Zichru - Brachos
Tags: Perek_6 Zichru Brachos Siman Brachos_35 Brachos_36 Brachos_37 Brachos_38 Brachos_39 Brachos_40 Brachos_41 Brachos_42 Brachos_43 Brachos_44

Q: Daf 35 לה
A: Children’s choir singing La La La

Q: Daf 35 לה - Children’s choir singing La La La
A: The children’s choir at the Berachos Party sang the Berachah Rishonah song for wine, while the darling little kids on stage pretended to harvest wheat.
Key Words: Berachah Rishonah, wine, harvest

Q: The children’s choir at the Berachos Party sang the Berachah Rishonah song for wine, while the darling little kids on stage pretended to harvest wheat.
A: 1. ראשונה ברכה is based on reason
After concluding that there is no Torah source for the concept of a ראשונה ברכה) blessing before eating), the Gemara teaches that the obligation to do so is based on reason:
-אסור לו לאדם שיהנה מן העולם הזה בלא ברכה - it is for forbidden for a person to derive benefit from this world without first reciting a blessing.
-Since one derives pleasure from the world, he should thank the Creator of those pleasures.
The Gemara lists implications of eating without a berachah:
כל הנהנה מן העולם הזה בלא ברכה מעל - Whoever derives benefit from the world without  first reciting a berachah has committed an act of me’ilah (misappropriation of Temple property).
כל הנהנה מן העולם הזה בלא ברכה כאילו גוזל להקבה וכנסת ישראל - Whoever derives benefit from the world without first reciting a berachah is regarded as if he robs from Hashem and the Assembly of Israel.
ואספת דגנך .2
There is a machlokes over how to understand the words in Krias Shema, דגנך ואספת ,you shall gather in your grain:
- R’ Yishmael understands it as a general directive that Torah study should be combined with earning a living.
- R’ Shimon bar Yochai argues that preoccupation with earning a living would leave no time for Torah study, so he interprets the verse as referring to a time when the nation does not fulfill Hashem’s will. At such a time, they will not only have to do their own work, gathering their own grain, but even have to do the work of others. But when they do fulfill Hashem’s will, the work of gathering in their grain will be done for them by others.
3. Why wine has a special beracha The Gemara concludes that the reason that wine—unlike olive oil—merits having a unique berachah of its own (הגפן) is because wine satiates (סעיד) and olive oil does not.

Q: The children’s choir at the Berachos Party sang the Berachah Rishonah song for wine, while the darling little kids on stage pretended to harvest wheat.
A: 1. ראשונה ברכה is based on reason
After concluding that there is no Torah source for the concept of a ראשונה ברכה) blessing before eating), the Gemara teaches that the obligation to do so is based on reason:
-אסור לו לאדם שיהנה מן העולם הזה בלא ברכה - it is for forbidden for a person to derive benefit from this world without first reciting a blessing.
-Since one derives pleasure from the world, he should thank the Creator of those pleasures.
The Gemara lists implications of eating without a berachah:
כל הנהנה מן העולם הזה בלא ברכה מעל - Whoever derives benefit from the world without  first reciting a berachah has committed an act of me’ilah (misappropriation of Temple property).
כל הנהנה מן העולם הזה בלא ברכה כאילו גוזל להקבה וכנסת ישראל - Whoever derives benefit from the world without first reciting a berachah is regarded as if he robs from Hashem and the Assembly of Israel.

Q: The children’s choir at the Berachos Party sang the Berachah Rishonah song for wine, while the darling little kids on stage pretended to harvest wheat.
A: ואספת דגנך .2
There is a machlokes over how to understand the words in Krias Shema, דגנך ואספת ,you shall gather in your grain:
- R’ Yishmael understands it as a general directive that Torah study should be combined with earning a living.
- R’ Shimon bar Yochai argues that preoccupation with earning a living would leave no time for Torah study, so he interprets the verse as referring to a time when the nation does not fulfill Hashem’s will. At such a time, they will not only have to do their own work, gathering their own grain, but even have to do the work of others. But when they do fulfill Hashem’s will, the work of gathering in their grain will be done for them by others.

Q: The children’s choir at the Berachos Party sang the Berachah Rishonah song for wine, while the darling little kids on stage pretended to harvest wheat.
A: 3. Why wine has a special beracha The Gemara concludes that the reason that wine—unlike olive oil—merits having a unique berachah of its own (הגפן) is because wine satiates (סעיד) and olive oil does not.

Q: Daf 36 לו
A: Lulav

Q: Daf 36 לו Lulav
A: The lulav that was covered in fine white wheat flour and was sprouting caper bush husks out of its top was sitting in a bowl of porridge.
Key words –flour, husks, porridge

Q: The lulav that was covered in fine white wheat flour and was sprouting caper bush husks out of its top was sitting in a bowl of porridge.
A: 1. Beracha over wheat flour
There is a machlokes concerning the berachah recited over wheat flour (דחיטי קמחא:)
- Rav Yehuda says that one recites a ha’adamah, since it is likened to eating wheat kernels. The fact that the flour is ground does not change its status.
- Rav Nachman says that one recites a shehakol, because the ground flour is no longer in its original state of wheat kernels, which would require a ha’adamah, but has not yet reached its final state of bread, which would require a hamotzi.
2. Husks of Caper Bush
The Gemara asks why the husks of a caper bush are not subject to the orlah restriction, given that a shomer (protective covering) of an orlah fruit is considered orlah. Rava teaches that something is only considered a fruit’s shomer if without it the fruit would die. Caper bush husks are not needed to keep the berries alive, so they do not attain the status of shomer and are not subject to orlah.
3. Foods that contain one of the five grains
Rav and Shmuel teach that one recites a borei minei mezonos on any food that contains one of the five species of grain, even if the grain is not the primary ingredient. Tosafos adds that this is only when the grain is there to enhance the dish, rather than merely to serve as a binder.

Q: The lulav that was covered in fine white wheat flour and was sprouting caper bush husks out of its top was sitting in a bowl of porridge
A: 1. Beracha over wheat flour
There is a machlokes concerning the berachah recited over wheat flour (דחיטי קמחא:)
- Rav Yehuda says that one recites a ha’adamah, since it is likened to eating wheat kernels. The fact that the flour is ground does not change its status.
- Rav Nachman says that one recites a shehakol, because the ground flour is no longer in its original state of wheat kernels, which would require a ha’adamah, but has not yet reached its final state of bread, which would require a hamotzi.

Q: The lulav that was covered in fine white wheat flour and was sprouting caper bush husks out of its top was sitting in a bowl of porridge
A: 2. Husks of Caper Bush
The Gemara asks why the husks of a caper bush are not subject to the orlah restriction, given that a shomer (protective covering) of an orlah fruit is considered orlah. Rava teaches that something is only considered a fruit’s shomer if without it the fruit would die. Caper bush husks are not needed to keep the berries alive, so they do not attain the status of shomer and are not subject to orlah.

Q: The lulav that was covered in fine white wheat flour and was sprouting caper bush husks out of its top was sitting in a bowl of porridge.
A: 3. Foods that contain one of the five grains
Rav and Shmuel teach that one recites a borei minei mezonos on any food that contains one of the five species of grain, even if the grain is not the primary ingredient. Tosafos adds that this is only when the grain is there to enhance the dish, rather than merely to serve as a binder.

Q: Daf 37 לז
A: Lazer tag

Q: Daf 37 לז Lazer Tag
A: The Chol Hamoed Pesach laser tag trip got out of hand when the losing team started throwing rice and dates and the winning team discovered little pieces of bread in their cooked dish.
Key words – Rice, dates, pieces of bread

Q: The Chol Hamoed Pesach laser tag trip got out of hand when the losing team started throwing rice and dates and the winning team discovered little pieces of bread in their cooked dish.
A: 1. The berachah on cooked rice
Cooked rice is similar to the five grains, inasmuch as the berachah before eating it is מיני בורא מזונות ,but it is dissimilar regarding the berachah said afterwards, which is נפשות בוראrather .על המחיה than
2. Berachah after eating one of the seven species
A Baraisa records a machlokes over the proper berachah after eating one of the seven species, and relates a relevant incident:
a. R’ Gamliel says one should recite המזון ברכת.
b. The Chachamim say one should recite שלש מעין.
- When R’ Gamliel gave permission to R’ Akiva to lead the bentching after eating dates, R’ Akiva quickly said the berachah of שלש מעין . He subsequently explained that although R’Gamliel taught that one should bentch in such a case, he also taught that one should follow the majority opinion, which in this case was to say שלש מעין
3. Berachah on cooked dish made with pieces of bread
According to Rav Sheishess, one makes a המוציא on a cooked dish made with pieces of bread even if the pieces are smaller than a kezayis (an olive). Rava stipulates that if the pieces are smaller than a kezayis, they must still have the appearance of bread.

Q: The Chol Hamoed Pesach laser tag trip got out of hand when the losing team started throwing rice and dates and the winning team discovered little pieces of bread in their cooked dish.
A: 1. The berachah on cooked rice
Cooked rice is similar to the five grains, inasmuch as the berachah before eating it is מיני בורא מזונות ,but it is dissimilar regarding the berachah said afterwards, which is נפשות בוראrather .על המחיה than

Q: The Chol Hamoed Pesach laser tag trip got out of hand when the losing team started throwing rice and dates and the winning team discovered little pieces of bread in their cooked dish.
A: 2. Berachah after eating one of the seven species
A Baraisa records a machlokes over the proper berachah after eating one of the seven species, and relates a relevant incident:
a. R’ Gamliel says one should recite המזון ברכת.
b. The Chachamim say one should recite שלש מעין.
- When R’ Gamliel gave permission to R’ Akiva to lead the bentching after eating dates, R’ Akiva quickly said the berachah of שלש מעין . He subsequently explained that although R’Gamliel taught that one should bentch in such a case, he also taught that one should follow the majority opinion, which in this case was to say שלש מעין

Q: The Chol Hamoed Pesach laser tag trip got out of hand when the losing team started throwing rice and dates and the winning team discovered little pieces of bread in their cooked dish.
A: 3. Berachah on cooked dish made with pieces of bread
According to Rav Sheishess, one makes a המוציא on a cooked dish made with pieces of bread even if the pieces are smaller than a kezayis (an olive). Rava stipulates that if the pieces are smaller than a kezayis, they must still have the appearance of bread.

Q: Daf 38 - לח
A: Chicken soup (a davar lach)

Q: Daf 38 -לח – Chicken soup (a davar lach)
A: The sick yeshiva bochur made Hamotzi on the challahs, before he was served some medicinal chicken soup together with some cooked vegetables.
Key words – Hamotzi, medicinal, cooked vegetables

Q: The sick yeshiva bochur made Hamotzi on the challahs, before he was served some medicinal chicken soup together with some cooked vegetables.
A: 1. Food or drinks with medicinal purpose on Shabbos
It is permitted to consume any or food or drink for medicinal purposes on Shabbos, since the act is considered one of eating rather than healing.
2. ”Hamotzi” or “Motzi”?
There is a machlokes regarding whether the nusach of the berachah on bread should be “Motzi” or “Hamotzi”:
- The Rabbanan say one should say Hamotzi lechem min ha’aretz, which means, He who brought forth bread from the ground, in the past tense.
- R’ Nechemiah says that when Hashem is referred to as the “Hamotzi,” the reference is to what He has not yet done—take Bnei Yisroel out of Mitzrayim—but will do in the future. His proof is the pasuk (Shemos 6:7) which says מצרים סבלות מתחת אתכם המוציא ,referring to Hashem taking Bnei Yisrael out of Mitzrayim in the near future. Since that connotation would be not be fitting for the berachah, one should say “Motzi,” meaning Who brought forth, in the past tense.
- The halachah follows the Rabbanan.
3. The berachah on cooked vegetables (שלקות)
The appropriate berachah on cooked vegetables )שלקות )is often ha’adamah but sometimes shehakol:
- When cooking elevates the vegetable to the primary form in which it’s eaten, as, for example, with a potato, then the berachah on the raw vegetable is shehakol on for the cooked vegetable ha’adamah.
- When cooking is not the primary way to eat the vegetable, as, for example, with a leek, then the berachah on the raw vegetable is ha’adamah and on the cooked vegetable shehakol.

Q: The sick yeshiva bochur made Hamotzi on the challahs, before he was served some medicinal chicken soup together with some cooked vegetables.
A: 2. ”Hamotzi” or “Motzi”?
There is a machlokes regarding whether the nusach of the berachah on bread should be “Motzi” or “Hamotzi”:
- The Rabbanan say one should say Hamotzi lechem min ha’aretz, which means, He who brought forth bread from the ground, in the past tense.
- R’ Nechemiah says that when Hashem is referred to as the “Hamotzi,” the reference is to what He has not yet done—take Bnei Yisroel out of Mitzrayim—but will do in the future. His proof is the pasuk (Shemos 6:7) which says מצרים סבלות מתחת אתכם המוציא ,referring to Hashem taking Bnei Yisrael out of Mitzrayim in the near future. Since that connotation would be not be fitting for the berachah, one should say “Motzi,” meaning Who brought forth, in the past tense.
- The halachah follows the Rabbanan.

Q: The sick yeshiva bochur made Hamotzi on the challahs, before he was served some medicinal chicken soup together with some cooked vegetables.
A: 1. Food or drinks with medicinal purpose on Shabbos
It is permitted to consume any or food or drink for medicinal purposes on Shabbos, since the act is considered one of eating rather than healing.

Q: The sick yeshiva bochur made Hamotzi on the challahs, before he was served some medicinal chicken soup together with some cooked vegetables.
A: 3. The berachah on cooked vegetables (שלקות)
The appropriate berachah on cooked vegetables )שלקות )is often ha’adamah but sometimes shehakol:
- When cooking elevates the vegetable to the primary form in which it’s eaten, as, for example, with a potato, then the berachah on the raw vegetable is shehakol on for the cooked vegetable ha’adamah.
- When cooking is not the primary way to eat the vegetable, as, for example, with a leek, then the berachah on the raw vegetable is ha’adamah and on the cooked vegetable shehakol.

Q: Daf 39 - לט
A: Letter

Q: Daf 39 - לט - Letter
A: The father was shocked when he discovered a letter under the two small whole loaves of lechem mishna, reminding him to always make a berachah on a carrot before making one on gefilte fish.
Key Words – Precedence, whole vs. large, lechem mishneh

Q: The father was shocked when he discovered a letter under the two small whole loaves of lechem mishna, reminding him to always make a berachah on a carrot before making one on gefilte fish.
A: 1. Precedence in Berachos
Regarding the precedence in berachos, one should first make a berachah on food with a more specific berachah (e.g. ha’adamah) before making it on food with a less specific berachah (e.g. shehakol).
If both foods require the same berachah, then one should choose the one that he prefers (חביב) .
2. Whole loaf vs. large piece
There is a machlokes regarding which bread a person should say hamotzi on when faced with a choice between a small whole loaf and a larger broken piece of the same grain: Rav Huna holds that size takes precedence over wholeness, so one says hamotzi on the larger, broken piece.
- R’ Yochanan holds that completeness takes precedence over size, so one says hamotzi on the smaller, complete loaf.
- Rav Nachman bar Yitzchok holds that a ירא שמים should adopt the practice of placing the broken piece under the whole loaf and then either break off a piece from the whole loaf or from both of them.
3. Lechem Mishneh
On Shabbos, one makes hamotzi over two whole loaves of bread, commemorating the fact that on Fridays in the desert a double portion (לחם משנה) of manna would fall.
- Rav Kahana would recite the berachah on two loaves but would only break one.
- R’ Zeira would break off a large piece for himself that would suffice for the whole meal.

Q: The father was shocked when he discovered a letter under the two small whole loaves of lechem mishna, reminding him to always make a berachah on a carrot before making one on gefilte fish.
A: 2. Whole loaf vs. large piece
There is a machlokes regarding which bread a person should say hamotzi on when faced with a choice between a small whole loaf and a larger broken piece of the same grain: Rav Huna holds that size takes precedence over wholeness, so one says hamotzi on the larger, broken piece.
- R’ Yochanan holds that completeness takes precedence over size, so one says hamotzi on the smaller, complete loaf.
- Rav Nachman bar Yitzchok holds that a ירא שמים should adopt the practice of placing the broken piece under the whole loaf and then either break off a piece from the whole loaf or from both of them.

Q: The father was shocked when he discovered a letter under the two small whole loaves of lechem mishna, reminding him to always make a berachah on a carrot before making one on gefilte fish.
A: 3. Lechem Mishneh
On Shabbos, one makes hamotzi over two whole loaves of bread, commemorating the fact that on Fridays in the desert a double portion (לחם משנה) of manna would fall.
- Rav Kahana would recite the berachah on two loaves but would only break one.
- R’ Zeira would break off a large piece for himself that would suffice for the whole meal.

Q: The father was shocked when he discovered a letter under the two small whole loaves of lechem mishna, reminding him to always make a berachah on a carrot before making one on gefilte fish.
A: 1. Precedence in Berachos
Regarding the precedence in berachos, one should first make a berachah on food with a more specific berachah (e.g. ha’adamah) before making it on food with a less specific berachah (e.g. shehakol).
If both foods require the same berachah, then one should choose the one that he prefers (חביב) .

Q: Daf 40 - מ
A: Mayim - Pool of water

Q: Daf 40 - מ- Mayim - Pool of water
A: The over ambitious new parents were sitting by the pool under a fig tree trying to feed their infant grain, teaching it the proper text of the berachah while asking for salt for the bread.

Q: The over ambitious new parents were sitting by the pool under a fig tree trying to feed their infant grain, teaching it the proper text of the berachah while asking for salt for the bread.
A: 1. Speaking after saying Hamotzi
Although one may not talk in between reciting a bracha and eating,one is permitted to speak between making Hamotzi and eating of the bread if the purpose is to facilitate the eating of the bread.
-Rav says one is allowed to tell the people seated at the table to take a piece of bread.
-R’ Yochanan says one is even allowed to ask for salt or relish to be brought to the table to enhance the taste of the bread.
-Rav Sheishess says one is even allowed to ask that food be prepared for his animals since it is forbidden for a person to eat before he gives food to his animals.
2. What type of tree was the Eitz HaDaas?
A Baraisa is brought that lists various opinions regarding what type of tree Adam HaRishon ate from (i.e. the Eitz HaDaas):
-R’ Meir – It was a grapevine. R’ Meir’s reasoning is that we find that“wine brings wailing upon a person,” and the Eitz HaDaas brought about death.R’
-Nechemyah – It was a fig tree. R’ Nechemyah’s reasoning is that it is logical that Hashem will bring about Adam and Chava’s “repair through what caused their damage,” i.e. since their “repair” was through a fig tree, asthey sewed fig leaves to wear, their “damage” i.e. their downfall of eating from the Eitz HaHadaas as well must have been through a fig tree.
-R’ Yehuda – It was wheat.,R’ Yehuda’s logic is that since a child does not know his first words of “Abba” and “Imma” until he begins to eat grain, this indicates that grain is associated with the development of Daas.
3. The proper text for a berachah
There is a dispute regarding the required text for a berachah:
- Rav says that any berachah that does not mention Hashem’s name is not considered a berachah. כל ברכה שאין בה הזכרת השם אינה ברכה
- Rav Yochanan says that any berachah that does not include Hashem’s name and does not mention Hashem’s sovereignty over the world as well, is not considered a berachah. כל ברכה שאין בה מלכות אינה ברכה

Q: The over ambitious new parents were sitting by the pool under a fig tree trying to feed their infant grain, teaching it the proper text of the berachah while asking for salt for the bread.
A: 2. What type of tree was the Eitz HaDaas?
A Baraisa is brought that lists various opinions regarding what type of tree Adam HaRishon ate from (i.e. the Eitz HaDaas):
-R’ Meir – It was a grapevine. R’ Meir’s reasoning is that we find that“wine brings wailing upon a person,” and the Eitz HaDaas brought about death.R’
-Nechemyah – It was a fig tree. R’ Nechemyah’s reasoning is that it is logical that Hashem will bring about Adam and Chava’s “repair through what caused their damage,” i.e. since their “repair” was through a fig tree, asthey sewed fig leaves to wear, their “damage” i.e. their downfall of eating from the Eitz HaHadaas as well must have been through a fig tree.
-R’ Yehuda – It was wheat.,R’ Yehuda’s logic is that since a child does not know his first words of “Abba” and “Imma” until he begins to eat grain, this indicates that grain is associated with the development of Daas.

Q: The over ambitious new parents were sitting by the pool under a fig tree trying to feed their infant grain, teaching it the proper text of the berachah while asking for salt for the bread.
A: 3. The proper text for a berachah
There is a dispute regarding the required text for a berachah:
- Rav says that any berachah that does not mention Hashem’s name is not considered a berachah. כל ברכה שאין בה הזכרת השם אינה ברכה
- Rav Yochanan says that any berachah that does not include Hashem’s name and does not mention Hashem’s sovereignty over the world as well, is not considered a berachah. כל ברכה שאין בה מלכות אינה ברכה

Q: The over ambitious new parents were sitting by the pool under a fig tree trying to feed their infant grain, teaching it the proper text of the berachah while asking for salt for the bread.
A: 1. Speaking after saying Hamotzi
Although one may not talk in between reciting a bracha and eating,one is permitted to speak between making Hamotzi and eating of the bread if the purpose is to facilitate the eating of the bread.
-Rav says one is allowed to tell the people seated at the table to take a piece of bread.
-R’ Yochanan says one is even allowed to ask for salt or relish to be brought to the table to enhance the taste of the bread.
-Rav Sheishess says one is even allowed to ask that food be prepared for his animals since it is forbidden for a person to eat before he gives food to his animals.

Q: Daf 41 - מא
A: Ma (Grandma)

Q: מא - Ma- Grandma
A: The grandma couldn’t decide which fruit to make the berachah on, the apple or the pomegranate, so she used her 7 species ruler to measure which was larger, and made a berachah on it during the course of her meal.

Q: The grandma couldn’t decide which fruit to make the berachah on, the apple or the pomegranate, so she used her 7 species ruler to measure which was larger, and made a berachah on it during the course of her meal.
A: מין שבעה עדיף או מין חביב עדיף? .1
Rebbe Yehuda and the Rabbonon debate in the Mishna on :מ דף ,regarding which food one recites a berachah on first when several foods are in front of him:
a. Rebbe Yehuda says that if one of the foods are one of the seven species , then that .)מין שבעה עדיף( precedence takes food
b. The Rabbonon say that the food that he prefers takes precedence (עדיף חביב.( The Amoraim dispute the parameters of the debate:
- One Amora states that they disagree only when the different foods share the same berachah, such as an apple and an olive. In a case where they have different berachos, such as a potato and an olive, then both Tannaim in the Mishna will agree that one recites the beracha first on the food that he prefers (עדיף חביב.(
- The other Amora states that the same disagreement also applies when the berachos are different . The disagreement then would be in regards to which of the two berachos is recited first.
2. The seven species list
There is a machlokes regarding what can be learned from the pasuk which lists the seven :)"ארץ חטה ושעורה וגפן ותאנה ורמון ארץ זית שמן ודבש") species
- Rav Yosef teaches that the order of foods listed in the pasuk indicate which foods attain precedence in berachos. The closer the food is to the term “ארץ ,“the greater the precedence.
- Rav Chanan teaches that the purpose of the pasuk is to teach the measurements for different halachos, with each food item representing a different unit of measure.
3. Making berachos on foods during the meal
Rav Pappa stated the following rulings regarding the berachos recited on foods eaten in the course of the meal:
- Foods that are eaten together with bread, which are eaten during the meal, do not require a berachah either before or after eating them.
- Foods that are not eaten together with bread, which are eaten during the meal, require a berachah before eating them but not after.
- Foods that are usually eaten after the meal, such as dessert, even when eaten during the meal, require a blessing both before and after eating them.

Q: The grandma couldn’t decide which fruit to make the berachah on, the apple or the pomegranate, so she used her 7 species ruler to measure which was larger, and made a berachah on it during the course of her meal.
A: מין שבעה עדיף או מין חביב עדיף? .1
Rebbe Yehuda and the Rabbonon debate in the Mishna on :מ דף ,regarding which food one recites a berachah on first when several foods are in front of him:
a. Rebbe Yehuda says that if one of the foods are one of the seven species , then that .)מין שבעה עדיף( precedence takes food
b. The Rabbonon say that the food that he prefers takes precedence (עדיף חביב.( The Amoraim dispute the parameters of the debate:
- One Amora states that they disagree only when the different foods share the same berachah, such as an apple and an olive. In a case where they have different berachos, such as a potato and an olive, then both Tannaim in the Mishna will agree that one recites the beracha first on the food that he prefers (עדיף חביב.(
- The other Amora states that the same disagreement also applies when the berachos are different . The disagreement then would be in regards to which of the two berachos is recited first.

Q: The grandma couldn’t decide which fruit to make the berachah on, the apple or the pomegranate, so she used her 7 species ruler to measure which was larger, and made a berachah on it during the course of her meal.
A: 2. The seven species list
There is a machlokes regarding what can be learned from the pasuk which lists the seven :)"ארץ חטה ושעורה וגפן ותאנה ורמון ארץ זית שמן ודבש") species
- Rav Yosef teaches that the order of foods listed in the pasuk indicate which foods attain precedence in berachos. The closer the food is to the term “ארץ ,“the greater the precedence.
- Rav Chanan teaches that the purpose of the pasuk is to teach the measurements for different halachos, with each food item representing a different unit of measure.

Q: The grandma couldn’t decide which fruit to make the berachah on, the apple or the pomegranate, so she used her 7 species ruler to measure which was larger, and made a berachah on it during the course of her meal.
A: 3. Making berachos on foods during the meal
Rav Pappa stated the following rulings regarding the berachos recited on foods eaten in the course of the meal:
- Foods that are eaten together with bread, which are eaten during the meal, do not require a berachah either before or after eating them.
- Foods that are not eaten together with bread, which are eaten during the meal, require a berachah before eating them but not after.
- Foods that are usually eaten after the meal, such as dessert, even when eaten during the meal, require a blessing both before and after eating them.

Q: Daf 42 - מב
A: Mobster

Q: Daf 42 - מב - Mobster
A: As part of their initiation, the newly recruited mobsters were required to make a berachah for the group on a meal’s worth of בכיסנין הבאה פת ,and then correctly guess that אחרונים מים is when the mob boss considers the meal over.
Key Words - בכיסנין הבאה פת Hamotzi, meal over, group berachah

Q: As part of their initiation, the newly recruited mobsters were required to make a berachah for the group on a meal’s worth of בכיסנין הבאה פת ,and then correctly guess that אחרונים מים is when the mob boss considers the meal over.
A: 1. Making a Hamotzi on בכיסנין הבאה פת
The berachah for בכיסנין הבאה פת is generally a mezonos, since it is usually eaten as a snack, but Rav Nachman rules that if one eats enough of it to establish a meal on (סעודה קובע ,(the berachah would be hamotzi.
2. When is a meal considered completed?
The Gemara discusses the point at which a meal is considered completed, when no more food may be eaten before reciting Birkas Hamazon.
- Rav Huna says it is when one finishes eating the meal.
- Rav Pappa says it is when the bread and food are removed from the table.
- Rava says that guests are dependent on the host’s intentions, so that if the host brings additional portions to the table even after the removal of the food and bread, it may still be eaten.
- Rav says that if one is accustomed to anoint his hands with oil on finishing a meal, then as long as he has not anointed his hands he may continue eating, even after he finishes the meal, and even after the food is removed from the table.
The Gemara concludes that the halachah follows what Rav Chiya bar Ashi says in the name of Rav, that the washing of the hands after the meal )אחרונים מים )is followed immediately by Birkas Hamazon, meaning that there may be no more eating after washing אחרונים מים.
3. One making a berachah on behalf of a group
The Mishnah infers that in order for one person in a group to make a berachah for the others, the group must be reclining, not just sitting. The Gemara later concludes that if the group verbally states their intention to eat together, then sitting is considered like reclining.

Q: As part of their initiation, the newly recruited mobsters were required to make a berachah for the group on a meal’s worth of בכיסנין הבאה פת ,and then correctly guess that אחרונים מים is when the mob boss considers the meal over.
A: 3. One making a berachah on behalf of a group
The Mishnah infers that in order for one person in a group to make a berachah for the others, the group must be reclining, not just sitting. The Gemara later concludes that if the group verbally states their intention to eat together, then sitting is considered like reclining.

Q: As part of their initiation, the newly recruited mobsters were required to make a berachah for the group on a meal’s worth of בכיסנין הבאה פת ,and then correctly guess that אחרונים מים is when the mob boss considers the meal over.
A: 1. Making a Hamotzi on בכיסנין הבאה פת
The berachah for בכיסנין הבאה פת is generally a mezonos, since it is usually eaten as a snack, but Rav Nachman rules that if one eats enough of it to establish a meal on (סעודה קובע ,(the berachah would be hamotzi.

Q: As part of their initiation, the newly recruited mobsters were required to make a berachah for the group on a meal’s worth of בכיסנין הבאה פת ,and then correctly guess that אחרונים מים is when the mob boss considers the meal over.
A: 2. When is a meal considered completed?
The Gemara discusses the point at which a meal is considered completed, when no more food may be eaten before reciting Birkas Hamazon.
- Rav Huna says it is when one finishes eating the meal.
- Rav Pappa says it is when the bread and food are removed from the table.
- Rava says that guests are dependent on the host’s intentions, so that if the host brings additional portions to the table even after the removal of the food and bread, it may still be eaten.
- Rav says that if one is accustomed to anoint his hands with oil on finishing a meal, then as long as he has not anointed his hands he may continue eating, even after he finishes the meal, and even after the food is removed from the table.
The Gemara concludes that the halachah follows what Rav Chiya bar Ashi says in the name of Rav, that the washing of the hands after the meal )אחרונים מים )is followed immediately by Birkas Hamazon, meaning that there may be no more eating after washing אחרונים מים.

Q: Daf 43 - מג
A: Magazine

Q: Daf 43 מג - Magazine
A: The frum scratch and sniff spice magazine spring edition featured articles on how talmidei chachamim can avoid getting perfume on their clothes so they don’t get embarrassed in public, as well as where to find blossoming trees in the month of Nissan.
Key Words – fragrances, perfume on clothes, embarrassment,

Q: The frum scratch and sniff spice magazine spring edition featured articles on how talmidei chachamim can avoid getting perfume on their clothes so they don’t get embarrassed in public, as well as where to find blossoming trees in the month of Nissan.
A: 1. Berachos on fragrances
The Gemara discusses the appropriate berachos to recite when smelling various fragrances:
-בורא מיני בשמים over spices
-בורא עשבי בשמים over plants
-בורא עצי בשמים over the scent of wood
-בורא שמן ערב over the sweet scent of balsam oil
-שנתן ריח טוב בפירות over an esrog
One who sees a fruit tree in blossom during Nissan recites:
ברוך שלא חיסר בעולמו כלום וברא בו בריות טובות ואילנות טובות להתנאות בהן בני אדם
Blessed [are you, Hashem,…] Who did not leave anything lacking in His universe and created in it good creatures and good trees, to give pleasure to mankind.
2. Tamar not embarrassing Yehuda
Tamar’s willingness to be executed rather than cause shame to Yehudah teaches us that it is preferable to cast oneself into a fiery furnace rather than shame one’s fellow in public.
נוח לו לאדם שיפיל עצמו לתוך כבשן האש ואל ילבין פני חברו ברבים
3. Behaviors unbecoming to a talmid chacham
The Rabbanan teach that six behaviors are unbecoming for a talmid chacham: 1. Going into the street with perfumed clothes, in a place where people are suspected of homosexuality.
2. Going out alone at night, lest he be suspected of inappropriate behavior.
3. Going outside with patched shoes.
4. Conversing with a woman in the market.
5. Dining with עמי הארץ, lest he be drawn after them.
6. Being the last to enter the beis midrash, lest people consider him lazy.

Q: The frum scratch and sniff spice magazine spring edition featured articles on how talmidei chachamim can avoid getting perfume on their clothes so they don’t get embarrassed in public, as well as where to find blossoming trees in the month of Nissan.
A: 3. Behaviors unbecoming to a talmid chacham
The Rabbanan teach that six behaviors are unbecoming for a talmid chacham: 1. Going into the street with perfumed clothes, in a place where people are suspected of homosexuality.
2. Going out alone at night, lest he be suspected of inappropriate behavior.
3. Going outside with patched shoes.
4. Conversing with a woman in the market.
5. Dining with עמי הארץ, lest he be drawn after them.
6. Being the last to enter the beis midrash, lest people consider him lazy.

Q: The frum scratch and sniff spice magazine spring edition featured articles on how talmidei chachamim can avoid getting perfume on their clothes so they don’t get embarrassed in public, as well as where to find blossoming trees in the month of Nissan.
A: 2. Tamar not embarrassing Yehuda
Tamar’s willingness to be executed rather than cause shame to Yehudah teaches us that it is preferable to cast oneself into a fiery furnace rather than shame one’s fellow in public.
נוח לו לאדם שיפיל עצמו לתוך כבשן האש ואל ילבין פני חברו ברבים

Q: The frum scratch and sniff spice magazine spring edition featured articles on how talmidei chachamim can avoid getting perfume on their clothes so they don’t get embarrassed in public, as well as where to find blossoming trees in the month of Nissan.
A: 1. Berachos on fragrances
The Gemara discusses the appropriate berachos to recite when smelling various fragrances:
-בורא מיני בשמים over spices
-בורא עשבי בשמים over plants
-בורא עצי בשמים over the scent of wood
-בורא שמן ערב over the sweet scent of balsam oil
-שנתן ריח טוב בפירות over an esrog
One who sees a fruit tree in blossom during Nissan recites:
ברוך שלא חיסר בעולמו כלום וברא בו בריות טובות ואילנות טובות להתנאות בהן בני אדם
Blessed [are you, Hashem,…] Who did not leave anything lacking in His universe and created in it good creatures and good trees, to give pleasure to mankind.

Q: Daf 44 - מד
A: Mud

Q: Daf 44 - מד - Mud
A: The Jew in chutz l’aretz had just concluded his berachah of שלש מעין with the words על הפרות  when he began to reminisce fondly about trekking through the mud in Eretz Yisroel to eat the fruits of Genosar and making a בורא נפבות  on its water.
Key Words: Genosar, בורא נפשות ,מעין שלש

Q: The Jew in chutz l’aretz had just concluded his berachah of שלש מעין with the words על הפרות  when he began to reminisce fondly about trekking through the mud in Eretz Yisroel to eat the fruits of Genosar and making a בורא נפבות  on its water.
A: 1. The fruits of Genosar
The Gemara wants to know an example of the Mishnah’s case where bread would be considered secondary (טפל (to a salty food which would be considered primary (עיקר .(It answers that fruits of Genosar were extremely sweet and delicious that they needed to be eaten with salt. These fruits were so exceptional that when eaten with bread the fruits were considered primary )עיקר )and the bread that was eaten with them was considered secondary )טפל )to them.
The Gemara describes how delicious they were:
- Rav Yochanan would eat vast quantities and swear that he had not satisfied his hunger.
- Reish Lakish would eat them until he became delirious and needed others to bring him home.
2. The beracha of מעין שלש
The Gemara discusses the text of the berachah of שלש מעין when recited on fruits of the שבעת .המינים
- In Eretz Yisroel the conclusion of the berachah for fruits is על פירותיה .
- In the Diaspora the berachah concludes with על הפרות  .  .
3 בורא נפשות
The Gemara discusses which foods require a Borei Nefashos as an after-berachah:
- Rav Yitzchak bar Avdimi said in the name of Rav: On eggs and meat but not on vegetables.
- Rebbe Yitzchak: Even on vegetables but not on water.
- Rav Pappa: Even on drinking water

Q: The Jew in chutz l’aretz had just concluded his berachah of שלש מעין with the words על הפרות  when he began to reminisce fondly about trekking through the mud in Eretz Yisroel to eat the fruits of Genosar and making a בורא נפבות  on its water.
A: 1. The fruits of Genosar
The Gemara wants to know an example of the Mishnah’s case where bread would be considered secondary (טפל (to a salty food which would be considered primary (עיקר .(It answers that fruits of Genosar were extremely sweet and delicious that they needed to be eaten with salt. These fruits were so exceptional that when eaten with bread the fruits were considered primary )עיקר )and the bread that was eaten with them was considered secondary )טפל )to them.
The Gemara describes how delicious they were:
- Rav Yochanan would eat vast quantities and swear that he had not satisfied his hunger.
- Reish Lakish would eat them until he became delirious and needed others to bring him home.

Q: The Jew in chutz l’aretz had just concluded his berachah of שלש מעין with the words על הפרות  when he began to reminisce fondly about trekking through the mud in Eretz Yisroel to eat the fruits of Genosar and making a בורא נפבות  on its water.
A: 2. The beracha of מעין שלש
The Gemara discusses the text of the berachah of שלש מעין when recited on fruits of the שבעת .המינים
- In Eretz Yisroel the conclusion of the berachah for fruits is על פירותיה .
- In the Diaspora the berachah concludes with על הפרות  .  .

Q: The Jew in chutz l’aretz had just concluded his berachah of שלש מעין with the words על הפרות  when he began to reminisce fondly about trekking through the mud in Eretz Yisroel to eat the fruits of Genosar and making a בורא נפבות  on its water.
A: 3 בורא נפשות
The Gemara discusses which foods require a Borei Nefashos as an after-berachah:
- Rav Yitzchak bar Avdimi said in the name of Rav: On eggs and meat but not on vegetables.
- Rebbe Yitzchak: Even on vegetables but not on water.
- Rav Pappa: Even on drinking water